Oral Health and Dental Medicine

Statement of the Problem: periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic diseases in humans and is induced by microbial pathogens that reside in the oral cavity. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of innate immune recognition receptors plays a fundamental role in the induction of innate immunity, inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation. The presence of TLR4 has been shown to be essential for the progression of inflammation and related to the bone metabolism in periodontitis Pelargonium sidoides DC. root extract (PSRE) demonstrated possibility to exert stimulatory effects on the innate immune system. Purpose of this study: determine the prevalence of polymorphism of TLR4 rs1927911 gene in patients with periodontitis in association with clinical signs of periodontitis and assess the protective effect of Pelargonium sidoides DC root extract (PSRE). Methods: data from 40 patients with periodontitis, treated with PSRE and 20 subjects of the control group were studied. DNA extraction from patients’ peripheral blood leukocytes using commercial DNA extraction kits was performed. Genotyping using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method was done. Statistical data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics program was done. Results: the frequency of TLR4 rs1927911 (C/T) genotypes and alleles in patients with periodontitis and control group subjects was evaluated. Patients with periodontitis: 9.1% have TT, 39.4% - TC , 51.5% - CC genotype and 28.8% have T allele and 71.2% C allele; respectively in control group: 6.3%, 36.5% , 57.1%, 24.6% and 75.4%. No statistically significant differences, of all the studied genotype and allele frequencies, between periodontitis and control group were found. The impact of polymorphism of the TLR4 rs1927911 gene, correlation between polymorphism and susceptibility to periodontitis were evaluated and no statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between TLR4, genotypic and allelic frequencies in patients with periodontitis and those in the control group. Continuing of TLR4 gene polymorphism studies by increasing the number of patients with periodontitis would be advisable. It could reveal the significance of genetic and environmental factors for the onset of the disease more. Polymorphisms of TLR 4 gene could be used as molecular markers for the prediction of the disease.